Vertigo: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Most cases of vertigo are peripheral types, which is a sensation or feeling of spinning that is usually caused due to disorders of the inner ear. If you have vertigo, you may feel like you're spinning. Check out the full explanation below about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and cure of vertigo.

What is vertigo?

Vertigo is a condition in which a person experiences a sensation as if his surroundings are spinning. Does this condition require vertigo medication? Please note that vertigo is not a stand-alone disease, vertigo is a symptom of a disease.

Vertigo can last for several minutes to hours depending on the severity. If the vertigo experienced is severe enough, it risks making the sufferer lose balance so that the risk of falling is higher.

Causes of Vertigo

Basically, the causes of vertigo are divided into two, namely central and peripheral vertigo. Compared to central vertigo, peripheral vertigo is the most common. Here is a complete explanation of the causes of vertigo, including:

1.Peripheral vertigo

Peripheral vertigo is most commonly experienced by many people. The reason is because there is an inner ear disorder that functions to regulate the balance of the body. In addition to the feeling of floating, inflammation that occurs in the inner ear or due to a viral infection, will cause pain and dizziness.

Some of the most common causes of vertigo, specifically the causes of peripheral vertigo are:

  • BPPV. BPPV stands for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. BPPV occurs when small calcium particles (canalith) enter the canals of the inner ear. The inner ear sends signals to the brain about head and body movements relative to gravity. This process helps the body maintain balance. BPPV can occur for no known reason and may be age-related. This cause of vertigo occurs quite often.
  • Meniere's disease. This is an inner ear disorder thought to be caused by fluid buildup and changes in the ear. This can lead to episodes of vertigo along with ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and hearing loss.
  • Vestibular or labyrinthine neuritis. This is an inner ear problem usually associated with an infection (usually viral). The infection causes inflammation of the inner ear around nerves that are important for helping balance the body's sense of taste.

2. Central vertigo

Central vertigo occurs due to problems in the brain. The part of the brain that most influences the incidence of this disease is the cerebellum or cerebellum.

The following are some conditions that cause central vertigo, including:

  • Stroke. A condition of blockage of blood vessels that occurs in the brain.
  • Drug consumption. Certain types of drugs that can cause vertigo side effects.
  • Brain tumors. This disease attacks the cerebellum or cerebellum, resulting in impaired coordination of body movements.
  • Migraine. The appearance of migraines or headaches is accompanied by throbbing pain and is often experienced by their young people. Migraine is usually considered one of the common causes of this disease.
  • Multiple sclerosis. Nerve signal disorders that occur in the central nervous system (brain and spine) caused by errors in a person's immune system.
  • Acoustic neuroma. Benign tumors that grow on the vestibular nerve, which is the nervous system that connects the ear to the brain. Most cases of acoustic neuroma occur due to genetic disorders.

Vertigo Symptoms

Keep in mind that vertigo attacks can occur suddenly and can last a long or short time. If you have severe vertigo, vertigo symptoms can last for several days, disrupting your daily activities.

The most common symptom is that your surroundings feel like spinning with a buzz in your ears. As a result, the urge to vomit is inevitable and makes you unable to stand.

Other symptoms that may accompany vertigo are:

  • Abnormal eye movements or jerking (nystagmus).
  • Headache.
  • Perspire.
  • It is difficult to concentrate.

Diagnosis Vertigo

Doctors can separate dizziness from vertigo by asking a simple question: "Do you feel environmental conditions such as spinning or are you dizzy?". If all around you seems to be spinning, you can be sure you have vertigo.

In addition, the doctor will also ask about medical history including a history of migraines, inner ear infections, regular medication consumption and head injuries that have been experienced.

If needed, the doctor may perform further stages of physical examination. This examination is intended to see hearing function, brain function, and eyeball motion. Some of these examination methods include:

  • Head-thrust test: You look at your own nose, and this will make quick head movements to the side and look for correct eye movements.
  • Romberg test: You stand with your legs together and your eyes open, then close your eyes and try to keep your balance.
  • Fukuda-Unterberger test: You are required to line up in place with your eyes closed without leaning from side to side
  • Dix-Hallpike test: While at a desk, you are quickly lowered from a sitting position to a supine position with your head pointing to the right or slightly to the left. A doctor will look at your eye movements to learn more about your vertigo.

In addition to some of the tests described above, supporting tests can be done by doctors such as urine and blood tests, MRI, CT scans and X-rays.

Meanwhile, warning signs of serious complications include:

  • Vertigo that appears suddenly is not affected by position changes.
  • Vertigo is associated with neurological signs such as severe lack of muscle coordination or new weakness.
  • Vertigo is associated with deafness and no history of Meniere's disease.

Vertigo Drugs

The cure for vertigo depends on what's causing it. In many cases, without having to find out what cure vertigo is, vertigo  can go away on its own. The occurrence of healing without vertigo drugs is because the brain is able to adapt – at least partially, and with changes in the inner ear.

For some people, needed vertigo medications may include:

1. Vestibular rehabilitation

This is a type of physical therapy aimed at helping strengthen the vestibular system. The function of the vestibular system is to send signals to the brain about head and body movements relative to gravity. Vestibular rehab may be recommended if you have recurrent bouts of vertigo. It helps train your senses to compensate.

2. Canal repositioning maneuver

Guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology recommend a series of specific movements for the head and body in order to treat BPPV. Movements are made to move calcium deposits out of the canal into the inner ear space so that they can be absorbed by the body.

You may have symptoms of vertigo during the procedure when the canal moves. A doctor or physical therapist can guide the movements of this maneuver.

3. Prescription drugs

In some cases, medications may be given to relieve symptoms such as nausea or motion sickness associated with vertigo. If vertigo is caused by infection or inflammation, antibiotics or steroids can reduce swelling and heal the infection. Vertigo medications for Meniere's disease, such as diuretics (water pills) may be prescribed to relieve pressure from fluid buildup.

Other vertigo medications you can use: Antihistamines, such as betahistine. Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam and lorazepam. Anti-emetic, such as metoclopramide.

4. Operation

In some cases, surgery may be needed for vertigo. If the vertigo is caused by a more serious underlying problem, such as a tumor or injury to the brain or neck, surgery may help to relieve the vertigo.



 

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