Fractures: types, causes, symptoms, treatment, prevention.

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A fracture is a fracture, which can range from a thin crack to a fracture. Fractures can be transverse, elongated in places, or into pieces. Usually, fractures occur when bones are affected by more force or pressure. If you suspect a fracture, seek medical help immediately.

A fracture is a condition that has several different ways in which a bone can break; For example, a fracture that does not damage the surrounding tissue or tear the skin is known as a closed fracture. On the other hand, the one that damages the surrounding skin and penetrates the skin is known as a compound fracture or open fracture. Compound fractures are usually more serious than simple fractures, because by definition, they can cause infection.

Types of fractures

Here are various types of fractures or fractures to distinguish the condition, including:

1. Fractured avulsion

This type of fracture is an injury to the bone to which tendons or ligaments are attached to the bone. When an avulsion fracture occurs, a tendon or ligament pulls on a piece of bone. Avulsion fractures can occur anywhere on the body, but are more common in some specific locations.

2. Comminuted fracture

Is a broken or flaked bone into more than two parts. Because sufficient force and energy can break down bones, these types of fractures occur after trauma such as a vehicle accident.

3. Compression fracture

This type of fracture usually occurs in bones that bulge in the spine. For example, the front of the spine can be fragile due to osteoporosis.

4. Dislocation fracture

Severe injuries in which fractures and sprained joints occur simultaneously. Usually, loose pieces of bone remain stuck between the ends of the dislocated bone and may have to be surgically removed before the dislocation can be resolved.

5. Fractur greenstick

Part of the bone breaks on one side, but does not break completely because the rest of the bone can bend. This condition is usually more common in children, whose bones are softer and more elastic.

6. Hairlineline fracture

A hairline fracture, also called a stress fracture, is a small crack or severe bruise inside a bone. This type of fracture is most common in athletes, especially sports athletes that require running and jumping. People suffering from osteoporosis can also experience hairline fractures.

7. Impact fracture

This is similar to a compression fracture, but this fracture occurs within the same bone. This is a closed fracture that occurs when pressure is placed on both ends of a bone, causing it to split into two mutually retained halves. This type of fracture usually occurs in people who have been in car accidents and falls.

8. Longitudinal fracture

This type of fracture is usually quite long and cracks along the axis of the bone. Because this fracture always follows the axis of the bone, and is usually an unshifted fracture. A fracture can be divided into two or more fracture lines.

9. Oblique fracture

Is a relatively common fracture in which the bone breaks diagonally to the long axis of the bone. Oblique fractures vary in severity, depending on what bone is affected and how large the fracture is. Oblique fractures tend to occur in longer bones such as the femur or tibia.

10. Pathological fracture

When an underlying disease or condition has weakened the bone, resulting in a fracture (a fracture caused by an underlying disease or condition that weakens the bone).

11. Spiral fracture

This spiral fracture, also known as torsion fracture, is a type of complete fracture. These fractures occur due to rotational or twisted forces.

12. Stress fractures

is a small fracture in the bone. Thin cracks appear due to repeated pressure, usually caused by overuse of limbs. Most stress fractures occur in the bones of the legs and lower legs, which carry the weight of the body.

13. Torus fracture (buckle)

The bone deforms but does not crack. More common in children. This bone fracture is painful but stable.

14. Transverse fracture

Next comes a specific type of fracture in which the fracture is at a right angle to the long plane of the bone. Transverse fractures usually occur as a result of a strong force applied perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. These fractures may also be the result of stress fractures in which many microscopic breaks form in the bone from repetitive stress, such as running.

Causes of fractures

You can be at risk of developing a fracture if the bone is affected with greater pressure or force than it can support. This force usually occurs suddenly or very intensely. The forces determine the severity of the fracture.

Some common causes of fractures include:

Fall
Impact strikes directly into your body
Traumatic events, such as car accidents or gunshot wounds
Sports injuries.

Fracture Symptoms

Most fractures or fractures are accompanied by severe pain when the initial injury occurs. It can get worse when you move or touch the injured area. In some cases, you can even faint from the pain. You may also feel dizzy or chilly due to shock.

Other potential signs and symptoms of fracture include:

A gnashing sound when an injury occurs
Swelling, redness, and bruising in the injured area
Difficulty supporting weight with the injured area
Deformities are visible in the area of injury
Angulation (the affected area may bend at an unusual angle)
If the fracture is open, there may be bleeding
In some cases, you may see broken bones penetrate your skin
Looks pale
Feeling of pain and nausea.

Fracture Diagnosis

Your doctor will perform a physical exam, identify signs and symptoms, and make a diagnosis. The patient will be interviewed, or friends, relatives, and witnesses if the patient is unable to communicate properly, about the circumstances that caused the injury or that might have caused it.

In addition, the doctor will often do x-rays. In some cases, an MRI or CT scan may also be done.

Fracture healing is a natural process that, in most cases, will happen automatically. Fracture treatment usually aims to ensure there is the best function of the injured part after healing.

Fracture Treatment

If you are diagnosed with a fracture, the treatment plan will depend on the type and area on the body.

1. Stabilizes fractures

In general, the doctor will try to return the broken pieces to their original position and stabilize the bones as they heal. It is important to keep pieces of damaged bone motionless until they heal.

During the healing process, new bone will form around the edges of the broken piece. If the bones are completely aligned and stable, the new bone will eventually connect the pieces.

2. Use of casts

Your doctor may use a cast to stabilize your broken bone. Your cast is most likely made of plaster or fiberglass. This will help keep the injured area stable and prevent the damaged piece of bone from moving as the fracture heals.

3. Use of pulleys

In rare cases, you may need a pull to stabilize the injured area. Traction stretches the muscles and tendons around your bones.

Your doctor will treat the fracture using a pulley system and the weights are positioned in a metal frame above your bed. This system will produce gentle pulling movements that the doctor can use to stabilize the injured area.

4. Surgery

For complex fractures, you may need surgery. The doctor may use open reduction, and internal fixation or external fixation to keep the bone from moving.

In open reduction and internal fixation, your doctor will reposition or "reduce" the broken piece of bone into the normal line of bone. Then they will connect or repair the broken bones. This method is done using screws, metal plates, or both. In some cases, your doctor may insert a rod through the center of your bone.

In external fixation, the doctor will place pins or screws into the bone above and below the fracture area. Your doctor will connect these pins or screws to a metal stabilizer rod positioned on the outside of your skin. The rod will hold the bone in place while healing.

5. Fracture medicine

Your doctor may also prescribe fracture medications to control pain, fight infection, or manage other symptoms or complications. After the initial treatment stage, your doctor may recommend physical therapy or other procedures to help you heal the fracture.

Fracture Prevention

Here are tips in preventing fractures or fractures that you can apply every day:

1. Nutrition and sunlight

The body basically needs adequate calcium intake for bone health. Good sources of calcium you can get from milk, yogurt, cheese, and dark green leafy vegetables.

The body also needs vitamin D to absorb calcium. You can get vitamin D by basking in the sun (recommended in the morning), eating eggs, and oily fish.

2. Physical activity

If you often exercise weight-bearing, the stronger and denser your bones will be. Exercises that make your bones strong such as running, walking, running, jumping, and dancing, or any exercise that can strengthen bones. That way you can prevent fractures.

3. Menopause

Estrogen is a hormone that regulates calcium in women. This hormone will decrease during menopause, which makes calcium control much more difficult. As a result, women need to be very careful of their bones during and after menopause.

The following tips may help you reduce your risk of osteoporosis after menopause:

1. If addicted to smoking, stop altogether immediately

2. Do a short weight training every week

3. Avoid alcohol

4. Frequent basking in the sun

5. Make sure the diet contains a lot of calcium. For those of you who have difficulty eating calcium foods, your doctor may suggest taking calcium supplements.